{"id":970,"date":"2020-10-08T07:54:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T07:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulamanusantaracenter.com\/?p=970"},"modified":"2020-10-08T07:56:49","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T07:56:49","slug":"covid-19-dalam-kacata-mata-aqidah-dan-fiqih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ulamanusantaracenter.com\/?p=970","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 dalam Kaca Mata Aqidah dan Fiqih"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oleh: Wakid Yusuf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seluruh kegiatan yang mendatangkan mara-bahaya, secara sudut pandang hukum fiqih termasuk bagaian dari perkara yang diharamkan, walaupun hal tersebut dilandasi oleh aqidah yang benar. Di tengah tersebarnya wabah COVID-19 di seluruh negara dunia, telah menimbulkan dua golongan ekstrem dalam bersikap. Salah satu pihak terlalu melampaui batas dalam menyikapi wabah ini sehingga memunculkan kepanikan. Pihak satunya lagi meremehkan wabah ini sampai memunculkan bahaya terhadap orang lain. Masalah kepanikan tersebut memunculkan kerugian yang sangat besar sehingga wajib untuk dihindari. Sedangkan masalah bagi orang yang menyepelekan wabah ini, selain akan mengalami kerugian untuk dirinya sendiri bisa juga akan berdampak kerugian bagi orang lain. Sebab dalam menghadapi wabah ini hal yang diutama yaitu sikap kewaspadaan.<\/p>\n

Sebagian orang ada yang menunjukan keberaniannya di ruang publik bahwa mereka tidak takut pada virus COVID-19. Hanya kepada Allah SWT lah mereka takut. Dari segi aqidah, statment tersebut memang benar karena tidak ada yang bisa membuat orang menjadi sakit kecuali Allah SWT.\u00a0 Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> bersabda:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0635\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/p>\n

Abu Hurairah radliallahu anhu<\/em> mengatakan; Sesungguhnya Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> bersabda: Tidak terdapat ‘adwa<\/em> (meyakini kalau penyakit tersebar dengan sendirinya, bukan takdir Allah), serta tidak terdapat shafar <\/em>(menjadikan bulan Shafar bagaikan bulan haram ataupun keramat), serta tidak pula hammah <\/em>(rengkarnasi ataupun ruh seorang yang telah wafat menitis pada hewan). Kemudian seseorang Arab Badui mengatakan; “Wahai Rasulullah, kemudian gimana dengan unta yang terdapat di pasir, seakan-akan (bersih) bagaikan gerombolan kijang. Setelah itu tiba padanya unta berkudis yang bercampur-baur dengan yang lainnya sehingga mengakibatkan penularan?”. Lalu Nabi Muhammad shallallahu alaihi wasallam <\/em>bersabda: Siapakah yang menularinya di awal.” ( HR. al- Bukhari).<\/p>\n

Secara aqidah, memanglah wajib menyakini bahwa Allah SWT lah yang menetapkan sakit atau tidaknya seorang. Pelajaran yang dapat diambil di dalam hadits tersebut ialah kita jangan sampai menyakini sesuatu penyakit atau wabah yang hadir di tengah-tengah kita di luar kehendak Allah SWT.<\/p>\n

Namun aqidah tidaklah menjadi satu-satunya persoalan. Masih terdapat urusan fiqih yang butuh dicermati. Dalam bidah fiqih, melibatkan persoalan yang bersifat positif atau negatif. Persoalan yang berdampak positif\u00a0 harus dikerjakan, sedangkan persoalan yang berdampak negatif harus ditinggalkan. Ini merupakan kaidah umum yang wajib dibuat pedoman dalam menyikapi virus COVID-19 ini. Usaha positif yang dianjurkan oleh Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> \u00a0dalam mencegah penyebaran wabah antara lain:<\/p>\n

1. Melindungi higienitas makanan<\/p>\n

Mengupayakan setiap makanan maupun minuman\u00a0 dalam keadaan higienis. Hal ini merupakan langkah utama yang paling penting dalam mencegah penyakit ataupun wabah. Langkah ini seharusnya dikerjakan oleh setiap umat muslim dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> bersabda:<\/p>\n

\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u063a\u064e\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064b \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u063a\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0633\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u0650\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n

Dari Jabir bin Abdullah mengatakan; Saya mendengar Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam <\/em>bersabda: “Tutuplah bejana-bejana, serta ikatlah tempat-tempat minuman, sebab di sesuatu malam pada tiap tahunnya akan terdapat wabah penyakit (beresiko) yang jatuh ke dalam bejana dan tempat-tempat air yang tidak tertutup” (HR. Muslim).<\/p>\n

2. Mengisolasikan wilayah zona merah apabila tempat tersebut terdapat penyebaran wabah. Isolasi merupakan langkah yang juga dianjurkan oleh Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam. <\/em>Beliau bersabda:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627<\/p>\n

Apabila kamu mendengar wabah lepra di sesuatu negara, maka janganlah kamu masuk ke dalamnya. Akan tetapi jika wabah tersebut menjangkiti sesuatu negara, sedangkan kamu berada di dalamnya, maka janganlah kamu keluar dari negara tersebut” (HR. al- Bukhari).<\/p>\n

Wabah lepra dalam hadits di atas hanyalah salah satu contoh musibah di masa lalu yang memakan banyak korban jiwa. Maka dari itu hukum isolasi ketika terjadinya suatu musibah besar (wabah) berlaku untuk semua jenis penyakit, termasuk COVID-19. Isolasi ini bisa menghindari penyebaran wabah ke wilayah yang lebih luas lagi.<\/p>\n

Selanjutnya Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam <\/em>bersabda kalau wabah tersebut menjadi siksaan bagi orang yang tidak beriman, namun menjadi rahmat bagi mereka yang beriman. Apalagi umat muslim yang terserang wabah lalu bersabar menghadapinya, maka akan memperoleh pahala seperti orang yang mati syahid.<\/p>\n

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Dari Aisyah radliallahu anha<\/em>, istri Nabi Muhammad shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> mengatakan; “Saya sempat bertanya kepada Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> tentang permasalahan thaun. <\/em>Kemudian beliau menceritakan kepada saya kalau thaun<\/em> (penyakit sampar, pes, lepra) merupakan sejenis siksa yang Allah kirim kepada siapa yang Ia kehendaki. Serta Allah SWT menjadikan semua itu bagaian rahmat untuk kalangan umat muslim. Tidak terdapat seorang pun mengidap thaun<\/em>, lalu ia bertahan di tempat tinggalnya dengan tabah yang mengharapkan pahala. Ia juga bertawaqal kepada Allah bahwa semuanya dariNya dan akan kembali kepadaNya. Maka ia akan memperoleh pahala seperti orang yang mati syahid”(HR. al- Bukhari).<\/p>\n

Dengan demikian, sangat tidak pas apabila terdapat seseorang muslim yang menyepelekan penyebaran wabah, ataupun malah melaksanakan kegiatan yang berlawanan dengan instruksi Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em>\u00a0 di atas, misalnya dengan menampakkan keberanian menolak protokol kesehatan dan isolasi diri. Aksi penolakan ini pada hakikatnya bukan keberanian, namun kecerobohan yang menimbulkan bahaya untuk orang lain. Seluruh aksi yang mendatangkan bahaya, secara fiqih dikategorikan aksi yang haram, walaupun bersumber pada aqidah yang benar.<\/p>\n

Demikian ajaran Nabi Muhammad shallallahu alaihi wasallam <\/em>kepada kita sebagai umat muslim dalam menghadapi wabah. Beliau tekah memberi pelajaran kepada kita kalau tidak ada satu pun penyakit yang bisa menyebar luas dengan sendirinya tanpa kehendak Allah SWT. Serta memberikan intruksi kepada kita supaya yang sakit tidak berbaur dengan yang sehat. Alasannya biar tidak terjadi penularan yang lebih meluas. Beliau bersabda:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648 \u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0636\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0650\u062d\u0651\u0650<\/p>\n

Abu Salamah bin Abdurrahman mengatakan; Aku mendengar Abu Hurairah dari Nabi Muhammad shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> bersabda: “Janganlah kamu mengombinasikan antara yang sakit dengan yang sehat” ( HR. al- Bukhari). Taat pada instruksi Rasulullah shallallahu alaihi wasallam<\/em> itu bukan berarti takut pada sesuatu yang selain Allah SWT, melainkan sebagai bentuk cara beragama dengan tepat, berikhtiar dengan nyata dan bertaqwa kepada Allah SWT.<\/p>\n

Wallahu alam.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sumber referensi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Wakid Yusuf, “Melihat Corona dalam Perspektif Aqidah dan Fiqih”, dalam https:\/\/wakidyusuf.wordpress.com\/2020\/03\/27\/melihat-corona-dari-perspektif-aqidah-dan-fiqih\/, diakses pada 8 Oktober 2020.<\/p>\n

Abdul Wahab Ahmad, “Melihat Corona dari Perspektif Aqidah dan Fiqih”, dalam https:\/\/islam.nu.or.id\/post\/read\/117874\/melihat-corona-dari-perspektif-aqidah-dan-fiqih, diakses pada 8 Oktober 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oleh: Wakid Yusuf Seluruh kegiatan yang mendatangkan mara-bahaya, secara sudut pandang hukum fiqih termasuk bagaian…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[103,104,155,88,141,25],"series":[],"class_list":["post-970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","tag-artikelunc","tag-bacaunc","tag-covid-19","tag-pecintaulama","tag-penderekulama","tag-ulama-nusantara-center"],"yoast_head":"\nCOVID-19 dalam Kaca Mata Aqidah dan Fiqih - Ulama Nusantara Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ulamanusantaracenter.com\/?p=970\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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